History
Origins
Foundation Sidi Ahmed El Kebir & Andalusians
Around 1533–1535, Sidi Ahmed El Kebir, aided by expelled Moorish refugees from Spain and local tribes, founded Blida, naming it “El-Blida” (the “small town”).
He diverted water from Atlas foothills to introduce irrigation and agriculture, driving early urban development.
A visiting poet reportedly called it “El Ourida” (the “little rose”), giving rise to its nickname, the “City of Roses”
Ottoman Era
Under Ottoman rule, Blida prospered, and a mosque was built by order of Khair al‑Din Barbarossa.
The city expanded behind walls with six gates—Bab Er‑Rahba, Bab Ed‑Zair, Bab El‑Khouikha, Bab Es‑Sebt, Bab Ez‑Zaouia, and Bab El‑Kseb—later lost but still referenced still referenced.
It was a peaceful resort for wealthy Ottoman elites, with rich gardens, souks, and mosques combining Andalusian and Turkish architecture.
French Colonial Period
French forces first attacked Blida in July 1830, but were resisted by local tribes from Beni Salah and Beni Misra. A second expedition by General Clausel in November 1830 faced heavy local opposition.
Full control was established by 1839; the city was turned into a significant military garrison, and European-style administration and infrastructure—including barracks, hospitals, churches, and new streets—were built.
In 1843–44, colonial villages (Joinville, Montpensier, Dalmatie) were established, the city wall was demolished (1926), and urban modernization was undertaken.
Earthquakes & Reconstruction
A devastating earthquake struck on March 2, 1825, killing over 6,000 people and nearly destroying the city.
A second earthquake occurred in 1867. The city was rebuilt at a new location with a grid plan, especially during French colonial reconstruction.